USSR[1]
emerged as a Communist super power in 1922 in Russia and started occupying its
neighbor states, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Gherghizestan, Turkmenistan,
Tajikistan, and finally extended feet to South Asia through invading
Afghanistan. But could not reach their arrogant ambitions and were crippled to
feet by Afghan Mujahedeen and their supporters who were providing them
ammunitions and facilities for the eradication and defeat of USSR. Main while
it was considered global rivalry between two super powers, Communist USSR and
Capitalist USA that in result USSR defeated. It might be hard for Russia to reform its global
position soon.
Soon after the withdrawal of forces in 1989 from Afghanistan which
was an embarrassing defeat for them and suffered massive human casualties,
economic depression and lost their global power position particularly against
of its rival United States of America. Simultaneously with the withdrawal,
their stooge governments in Afghanistan one by one scattered and finally
collapsed. The colonies they made, since long time ruling and exploiting them, by
virtue of having a great global economic and military power that expressed their
universal ambition. Due to the loss of this war, the colonies got independence,
the Berlin wall collapsed and finally the position of Soviet Union declined to
the limit of its own territory. Woodward writes in his book, “I think
Afghanistan is doable, it’s not sellable,” Harvey[2]
concluded. (qtd. in Obama’s Wars 79). From the global economic rivalry point of
view it can be also counted the success for Capitalism (USA) versus Communism
(USSR). In 2001 United States made the same mistake of USSR by invading
Afghanistan and now investigating honorable approach for withdrawal.
It is to mention that war against USSR was not conducted only by
Afghan freedom fighters (Mujahedeen). There were many Muslim and non Muslim
countries involved by various approaches. The Muslim countries such as Pakistan
our neighbor country, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Palestine, UAE and many other
countries financially supporting them and as well send them warriors to join
their groups and fight against communist USSR which was considered a big threat
to the world. United States of America (USA) the biggest rival of USSR was
providing ammunitions, training camps for the fighters. Basically all these
things were furnished to the Mujahedeen through Pakistan with the help of other
representatives of USA. The foreign fighters all over the world particularly in
Muslim countries were encouraged to take part in Jihad against USSR in
Afghanistan. In back of the scene USA was providing Visas and trip facilities
to the foreigners for taking part in Jihad. Firstly the foreign fighters from
all over the world were transferred to Pakistan, they were trained by American
and French military trainers and then send to battle ground in Afghanistan
against USSR and their puppet regime. The leaders of foreign fighters like
Abdullah Izam from Palestine, Usma Bin Ladin from Saudi Arabia and Aiman Al
Zawahiri the current Alqaida leader. They all traveled from their countries via
Pakistani visa with the help of the USA behind the scene. They were all
considered as global heroes and were financially and militarily supported by
the USA and other non Muslim and as well Muslim countries.
After the fall
down of USSR puppet government under presidency of Dr. Najibullah in 1992
Mujahedeen came to power. For the interim government Sebghatullah Mujaddedi was
selected as president. Foreign militants/fighters who participated Jihad anti
USSR left to their countries and some stayed in Pakistan and Afghanistan. After
three months of interim government Burhanuddin Rabbani was selected as
president that he remained in power from 1992 to 1996.
Short time after, due
to the intrusion of regional and global intelligence agencies Afghan seven
party leaders were dictated for taking over to power and supremacy which led to
civil war among seven parties. The consequence for civil war was millions of
deaths and migrations to the neighbor countries and the Western countries for
the shelter and life immunity. People died and crippled, women became widows,
and children lost their parents as well in some cases lost their entire family.
They had no place to sleep, no healthy food to eat, and no warm cloth to wear
in cold weather, no sufficient medicine for well treat, no one to direct them
to a right way, no center to learn and get education, no one to hear their
sound, no one to help them in difficulties, no one to accompany them in their
happiness and sorrow. There are up till now number of people that lost their
families during the civil war in Afghanistan and yet they did not found their
families. Still people are searching for their lost children, family members,
parents and the relatives. So far mothers are looking to the doors of the house
for coming of their children but they are not coming and mothers are sleeping
for 30 year in memory of their lost children and waiting for the coming of
their petty children. The casualties in war against USSR were less than the
civil war that took place after their withdrawal. In Afghanistan you will not
find even a single family that did not lose a member of his/her family in the
war against USSR and especially in civil war. Afghanistan was massively
destroyed due to these wars.
During four years government of Mujahedeen that
divided Afghanistan into many parts, every leader in his own under control aria
had his own rules and policies. Even there was no unique currency. There were
two types of currencies, governmental and Junbishi[3],
both were running on country level in daily economical deals. There was no
constitution and no unique law. Economic system of the country and its
institutions were completely destroyed. Schools and universities were blocked.
People were not considered about the education, they were only struggling for
finding food for their families. There were a large number of diseases because
of the use of chemical weapons, many people suffered different diseases and
there was no fully capable health center for treatment, mostly they traveled to
Pakistan for treatment and still the process is continue but not in high level.
Traveling from one province to another province was considered that much hard
like going from one country to another country illegally without having any
documents for the sake of insecurity. People were suffered a high level of prejudice
and sectarianism. Thousands of people were killed because of the religious
differences and speaking language dissimilarity. There was no immunity for
women outside the house they could not go out of the house by lonely. On high
ways peoples’ assets were stolen the women were raped the infrastructures were
collapsed and many more embarrassment acts and brutality that compelled the people
to leave the country those who were living in the country. Even the beardless boys could not go out of the house alone. Boys were kidnapped by
warlords for dancing and their sexual desires. They compelled the boys to full
fill their desires otherwise they lost their life. In that era the most cruel
and despotic commander became famous as champion for his inhuman and tyrannical
acts. All these cruelty and instability caused for the emergence of Taliban in
Afghanistan and toppled the unstable government of Mujahedeen in 1966.
Taliban had no man
made constitution for the running of the governmental affairs like it is now in
democratic system. Their governmental affairs ware based on divine law (Sharia
Law) that all social affairs were organized according to the Islamic principles
and rules. Taliban highly appreciated religious schools (Madrasa) in compare to
modern educational schools. Girls were banned of going to school and Madrasa.
Many of the Muslim fighters/Mujahedeen and their leaders like Usama Bin Laden
who participated the war against USSR came to Afghanistan and joined Taliban
and supported their government financially and militarily against Northern Alliance
under the leadership of Burhanuddin Rabbani the former selected president after
the withdrawal of USSR.
Usama Bin Laden
was accused for planning of 9/11 attack on World Trade Center (WTC) and
Pentagon. Thus he was black listed by the United States of America as the
world’s number one terrorist. The government of America during president W.Bush
administration asked Taliban to hand over Usama Bin Laden to USA otherwise they
will attack and topple their government. Mullah Omer rejected to hand over
Usama to them. Therefore Americans and their allies attacked Afghanistan in
2001 with the help of Northern Alliance. They demolished the government of
Taliban and installed their puppet government. Hamid Karzai was selected as the
president for the interim government. His cabinet members were also selected by
Americans. Even the governors for the provinces were selected by the Americans.
Karzai himself had no free hand to dismiss his minister or any governor. Later
on election held in the result Karzai elected as president for five years
duration. After the completion of first five years he was re elected for five
years duration, at all he chaired the high ranking post of the country as
president for thirteen years. For first two year in interim government period
there was security and stability. Aftermath Taliban reemerged and started
targeting US forces in different provinces with using new techniques and
explosive materials. Eventually American forces and its allies decided to leave
Afghanistan at the end of December 2014. The withdrawal of US forces is counted
as a big challenge for the new elect government under presidency of Dr. Ashraf
Ghani that will his government be capable for bringing stability and
sustainable peace to the country or not?
To conclude that war was imposed on the people of Afghanistan. In
fact it was the war of regional and global intelligence agencies for having
influence on Asia. From geopolitical point of view Afghanistan is in
the heart of Asia that so, countries for exercising supremacy on Asian
countries endeavoring to capture Afghanistan and control or have under sight
the rest of Asian countries from there. Now there is worry for Afghan nation
that after the withdrawal of USSR the country led to civil war. For them and to
the international community the question is that what will happen to
Afghanistan after US forces withdrawal? This and the above one are the
questions that time will answer.
[1] USSR:
stands for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which was also known as the
Soviet Union. The USSR existed from 1922 to 1991.
[2] Derek
Harvey: the 54 year old American retired army colonel of Defense
Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the most trusted intelligence adviser of General
Petraeus army commander for Iraq and Afghanistan in 2010.
[3]
Junbishi: Junbish was a party under leadership of General Abdur Rashid
Dustem the current vice president of Afghanistan. His party had their own
currency printing machine, that so they named their currency Junbishi.
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